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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RIGIDITY OF EXTERNAL FIXATOR AND NUMBER OF PINS: COMPUTER ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENTS.

Marcelo Back Sternick1, Darlan Dallacosta2, Daniela Águida Bento3

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Summary

Increasing the number of Schanz pins in external fixator clamps enhances construct rigidity. Four pins provide significantly greater stability than two or three, reducing tension and improving fixation security.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsExternal FixatorsMechanical Stress

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Biomaterials science
  • Finite element analysis

Background:

  • External fixators are crucial in orthopedic trauma management.
  • Optimizing construct rigidity is essential for stable fracture healing.
  • Platform-type external fixators offer adjustable configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of varying Schanz pin counts per clamp on external fixator assembly rigidity.
  • To analyze stress distribution within the fixator assembly under load.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations of a Cromus dynamic external fixator.
  • Models generated with quadratic tetrahedral elements, adhering to ASTM F1541 standards.
  • Comparison of assemblies with two, three, and four 5.5 mm Schanz pins per clamp under a 200 N load.

Main Results:

  • Assembly rigidity increased with pin count: 307.6 N/mm (2 pins), 369.0 N/mm (3 pins), and 437.9 N/mm (4 pins).
  • The four-pin configuration demonstrated 19% greater rigidity than the three-pin and 42% greater rigidity than the two-pin configuration.
  • Maximum tension was observed on the pin surface near the fixation area, with higher tension in configurations using fewer pins.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing Schanz pins per clamp significantly enhances external fixator rigidity.
  • A four-pin configuration offers superior stability compared to two or three pins.
  • Optimizing pin number is critical for managing tension and ensuring effective fracture fixation.