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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Peri-procedural imaging for transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

Navin Natarajan1, Parag Patel1, Thomas Bartel1

  • 11 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; 2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; 4 Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy
|April 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mitral regurgitation (MR) affects many older adults. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) offers an alternative to surgery for high-risk patients, with imaging being crucial for success.

Keywords:
Trans-catheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR)angiographycomputed tomographyechocardiographyimagingmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)mitral regurgitation (MR)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in elderly populations.
  • Degenerative and functional MR are common causes.
  • High surgical risk often precludes traditional open-heart surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitral valve anatomy.
  • To discuss transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) options.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in TMVR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current TMVR techniques.
  • Analysis of imaging modalities for pre- and intra-procedural guidance.
  • Summary of anatomical considerations for mitral valve interventions.

Main Results:

  • TMVR is an emerging alternative for high-risk MR patients.
  • Accurate imaging is essential for successful TMVR outcomes.
  • Various TMVR devices and techniques are available.

Conclusions:

  • Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a viable option for select patients.
  • Advanced imaging is critical for patient selection and procedural success in TMVR.
  • Further research into TMVR technologies and imaging is warranted.