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Updated: Jul 31, 2026

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells
Published on: December 29, 2010
Multivalvular Endocarditis: A Different Approach
Jorge Balzan1, Rene Aleman1, Federico Napoli1
1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida.
Abstract:
Active infective endocarditis (IE) with multivalvular involvement, the most severe form of IE, requires a demanding clinical and surgical management. Clinical guidelines describe the operative approach to multivalvular involvement as challenging with subpar postoperative outcomes. Quadruple valvular IE remains a rare clinical phenomenon, with high mortality rates and poor surgical outcomes. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with multivalvular IE who underwent a hemi-commando procedure and dual valve homograft replacement.
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