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Related Concept Videos

Related Rates01:18

Related Rates

156
When two or more physical quantities are linked by a single relationship, a change in one variable necessarily affects the others. This interdependence forms the basis of related rates analysis, which examines how different quantities change with respect to time. A classic physical example is an expanding balloon, where the size of the balloon changes continuously as air is added.For a hot air balloon, the inflated envelope is commonly idealized as a perfect sphere to simplify mathematical...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

554
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
554
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

8.5K
External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
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Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

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Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Against the Reification of Race in Bioethics: Anti-Racism without Racial Realism.

The American journal of bioethics : AJOB·2021
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Janus-faced race: Is race biological, social, or mythical?

American journal of physical anthropology·2020
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Unnaturalised racial naturalism.

Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences·2014
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Racial discrimination: how not to do it.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation
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Air-Inflation of Murine Lungs with Vascular Perfusion-Fixation

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Race: Deflate or pop?

Adam Hochman1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Building W6A, Room 733, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
|April 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Racial naturalism, the idea that race is a valid biological category, faces challenges. The author argues that weakening the definition of race to "population" is insufficient and biological race should be abandoned.

Area of Science:

  • Biological anthropology
  • Philosophy of science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neven Sesardic defends racial naturalism, asserting race as a valid biological category.
  • Sesardic's arguments are critically examined in light of previous critiques.
  • The debate centers on the biological concept of race and its validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Sesardic's revised arguments for racial naturalism.
  • To analyze the implications of adopting a "race-as-population" model.
  • To argue for the elimination of biological race from scientific ontology.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of Sesardic's defense of racial naturalism.
  • Examination of Theodosius Dobzhansky's "race-as-population" concept.
Keywords:
Forensic anthropologyHereditarianismNeven SesardicPopulation geneticsRaceRacial naturalism

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  • Philosophical critique of biological race concepts and anti-realist positions.

    • Main Results:

    • Sesardic's position is weakened; he concedes conventional racial taxonomy is arbitrary.
    • Sesardic now relies on the "race-as-population" concept, a view previously critiqued.
    • The author finds Sesardic's case relies on mischaracterizing anti-realism and appealing to authority.

    Conclusions:

    • Weakening the concept of race to "population" is an inadequate defense of racial naturalism.
    • Sesardic's arguments fail to establish race as a robust biological category.
    • Biological race should be eliminated from scientific discourse and ontology.