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A new dimension: Evolutionary food web dynamics in two dimensional trait space.

Daniel Ritterskamp1, Daniel Bearup1, Bernd Blasius1

  • 1CvO University Oldenburg, ICBM, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.

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This study introduces a new model for ecological community assembly, incorporating spatial dimensions into food web dynamics. The model reveals how space and species interactions shape diverse and realistic community structures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Species distribution within habitats is often non-uniform, a critical factor for conservation.
  • Existing food web assembly models frequently overlook spatial distribution and its impact on community structure.
  • This oversight limits the realism and predictive power of ecological models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an evolutionary food web model that integrates a spatial dimension.
  • To investigate how incorporating space influences the emergence and structure of ecological communities.
  • To understand the factors driving community assembly and evolutionary dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a second trait axis representing space into existing evolutionary food web models.
  • Simulation of community assembly processes under varying spatial and interaction parameters.
  • Analysis of resulting food web network structures and evolutionary trajectories.

Main Results:

  • The model generates a wider range of community network structures, mirroring empirical observations.
  • Network properties of simulated food webs align well with real-world ecological data.
  • Community emergence shows a pattern of spatial spread preceding the establishment of higher trophic levels.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating a spatial dimension significantly enhances the realism of food web assembly models.
  • The balance between competition and predation critically determines community structure and evolutionary dynamics.
  • The model provides a simplified yet powerful framework for identifying key mechanisms of community formation.