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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Reduced Current Spread by Concentric Electrodes in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES).

M Bortoletto1, C Rodella1, R Salvador2

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenfratelli, Brescia, Italy.

Brain Stimulation
|April 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new concentric electrodes transcranial direct current stimulation (CE-tDCS) method improves stimulation focality. This technique effectively modulates cortical excitability, offering a novel tool for brain stimulation research.

Keywords:
Electric fieldElectrode shapeFocalityModellingMotor cortexMotor evoked potentialsTranscranial direct current stimulationtDCStES montage

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Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
  • Current stimulation montages can lack focality, limiting precise targeting of brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel concentric electrodes tDCS (CE-tDCS) montage.
  • To assess the efficacy and focality of CE-tDCS in modulating cortical excitability.

Main Methods:

  • Current distribution was modeled for the CE-tDCS montage.
  • Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles.
  • Anodal, cathodal, and sham CE-tDCS were applied to the FDI hotspot for 10 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Anodal CE-tDCS increased FDI MEP amplitude, while cathodal CE-tDCS decreased it, confirming efficacy.
  • Modeled current distribution and lack of effect on ADM MEPs indicated high focality.
  • CE-tDCS demonstrated effective modulation of cortical excitability.

Conclusions:

  • CE-tDCS offers improved control over current distribution compared to conventional tDCS.
  • This novel montage represents a promising tool for tDCS and other transcranial current stimulation applications.
  • CE-tDCS may enhance the precision and effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation.