Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.5K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

20.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
20.3K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

76.7K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
76.7K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

19.5K
19.5K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

15.9K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
15.9K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

136.2K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
136.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autonomous biomedical research with an artificial intelligence agent.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Bionic Construction of Magnetic Recyclable Photothermal Materials Inspired by Velvet Ant Cuticle Structure for Efficient Solar Water Evaporation.

Small methods·2026
Same author

Curvature-programmed nitrate electroreduction via single-atom protrusions on quantum dots.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Preparation of Economical and Universal Compensation Beads Compatible for Multi-species Antibodies.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Nanofluid-Assisted Synthesis of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Interwoven Porous ZIF Polyhedra Threaded with Silver Thiolate Nanowires for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of Chlorotoluene Isomers.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity
08:46

Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity

Published on: January 15, 2014

9.7K

Two-dimensional interlocked pentagonal bilayer ice: how do water molecules form a hydrogen bonding network?

Weiduo Zhu1, Wen-Hui Zhao, Lu Wang

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. yuanlf@ustc.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|April 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new 2D bilayer ice structure, interlocked pentagonal bilayer ice (IPBI), formed by water molecules under nanoscale confinement. This finding offers insights into the complex hydrogen bonding networks in confined water systems.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.8K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity
08:46

Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity

Published on: January 15, 2014

9.7K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.8K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Water exhibits diverse hydrogen bonding networks, leading to various ice structures in bulk and under confinement.
  • Ideal water hydrogen bonding networks require four bonds per molecule, linearity, and tetrahedral configuration, which are often unmet in nanoscale confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase diagram of water confined between hydrophobic walls.
  • To identify and characterize novel two-dimensional (2D) crystalline ice structures under nanoscale confinement.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to model water confined between two smooth hydrophobic walls.
  • First-principles optimizations were used to assess the stability of the identified bilayer ice structures.

Main Results:

  • A phase diagram revealed three 2D crystalline structures and a bilayer liquid.
  • A new 2D bilayer ice, interlocked pentagonal bilayer ice (IPBI), was discovered, characterized by interlocked pentagonal channels.
  • IPBI and a previously reported 'coffin' bilayer ice were found to be stable, differing in their hydrogen bond characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The tradeoff between hydrogen bond linearity and tetrahedral configuration dictates different nanoconfined water structures.
  • IPBI prioritizes local tetrahedral configurations over hydrogen bond linearity.
  • The findings provide a framework for understanding the rich phase behaviors of water under nanoscale confinement.