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Published on: October 18, 2018
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Helicobacter apri sp. nov., isolated from wild boars
Renato Giulio Zanoni1, Silvia Piva1, Daniela Florio1
1Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Summary
Researchers identified a new species of Helicobacter bacteria in wild boars. This novel bacterium, named Helicobacter apri, was found in gastric and caecal samples, expanding our understanding of Helicobacter diversity in wildlife.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Wildlife Ecology
Background:
- The genus Helicobacter comprises spiral-shaped bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tracts of various animals.
- Understanding the diversity of Helicobacter species in wildlife reservoirs is crucial for assessing potential zoonotic risks and ecological roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize three novel Helicobacter isolates obtained from wild boars (Sus scrofa).
- To determine the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of these isolates within the Helicobacter genus.
Main Methods:
- Polyphasic taxonomic study including genus-specific PCR, 16S rRNA, 60-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP60), and atpA gene sequencing.
- Phylogenetic analysis to establish evolutionary relationships.
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for protein analysis and biochemical profiling.
Main Results:
- Three spiral-shaped isolates with bipolar sheathed flagella were identified as belonging to the genus Helicobacter.
- Phylogenetic analyses revealed a distinct lineage, separate from known Helicobacter species, with high sequence similarity among the isolates.
- Isolate A19T showed 98.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity to Helicobacter mastomyrinus, confirming its novelty. Unique protein profiles and biochemical characteristics further supported its distinct taxonomic status.
Conclusions:
- The isolates A19T, C21, and F12 represent a novel species within the genus Helicobacter.
- The proposed name for this new species is Helicobacter apri sp. nov., with A19T designated as the type strain.
- This discovery highlights the presence of previously undescribed Helicobacter species in wild boar populations.
