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Dependency Resolution Difficulty Increases with Distance in Persian Separable Complex Predicates: Evidence for

Molood S Safavi1, Samar Husain2, Shravan Vasishth3

  • 1International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Potsdam, Germany / University of Groningen, Netherlands / University of Trento, Italy / University of Newcastle, UK / Macquarie University Sydney Australia.

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Summary

Processing difficulty increases with verb-argument distance, supporting working memory models over surprisal theories. Strong predictability did not mitigate these locality effects in Persian complex predicates.

Keywords:
Persiancomplex predicatesentropyexpectationeye-trackinglocalityself-paced readingsurprisal

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Processing difficulty in language comprehension is often linked to the distance between related words.
  • Working memory and expectation-based (surprisal) accounts offer competing explanations for these locality effects.
  • Previous research suggests predictability influences the impact of distance on processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how predictability strength and argument-verb distance interact in processing Persian complex predicates.
  • To test the predictions of surprisal and working memory models regarding locality effects.
  • To determine if strong predictability can attenuate or neutralize processing difficulty associated with increased distance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Persian complex predicates (noun-verb constructions) with varying degrees of predictability.
  • Employed sentence completion to establish predictability strength.
  • Conducted four experiments (two self-paced reading, two eye-tracking) manipulating argument-verb distance and predictability.
  • Included simple noun-verb constructions for weak predictability comparison.

Main Results:

  • Verbs in high-predictability conditions were processed faster than in low-predictability conditions.
  • Increased argument-verb distance led to significantly slower reading times.
  • Strong predictability did not reduce or eliminate the observed locality effects.
  • Working memory load, indicated by increased entropy in long-distance conditions, correlated with processing difficulty.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support working memory accounts for argument-verb dependency resolution over expectation-based surprisal models.
  • Memory overload and decay contribute to processing difficulty with increased distance.
  • The interaction of predictability and distance is complex and may depend on factors like memory capacity.