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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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What are Second Messengers?01:12

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Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

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Phosphoinositides in membrane contact sites.

Camilla Raiborg1, Eva M Wenzel1, Nina M Pedersen1

  • 1Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|April 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cellular membranes use contact sites for communication, facilitating controlled transfer of molecules. Phosphoinositides play a key role in the function of these crucial membrane contact sites.

Keywords:
ceramidecholesterolcontact siteendoplasmic reticulumphosphatidylserinephosphoinositide

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular membranes form contact sites for inter-organellar communication.
  • These sites enable specific molecule exchange without mixing contents, maintaining organellar integrity.
  • Diverse membrane contact sites share common molecular components, notably phosphoinositides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement and functions of phosphoinositides.
  • To highlight the role of phosphoinositides in various membrane contact sites.
  • To discuss the significance of phosphoinositides in cellular communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on membrane contact sites.
  • Analysis of research on phosphoinositide involvement in cellular processes.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding phosphoinositides at ER-endosome, Golgi-PM, and lysosome-peroxisome contacts.

Main Results:

  • Phosphoinositides are present at multiple critical membrane contact sites.
  • These lipids are involved in regulating the structure and function of contact sites.
  • Specific phosphoinositides contribute to the unique activities of different membrane contact sites.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoinositides are essential regulators of membrane contact site function.
  • Understanding phosphoinositide roles is key to comprehending inter-organellar communication.
  • Further research into phosphoinositides will illuminate cellular organization and dynamics.