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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

1.3K
In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
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Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

1.2K
Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
1.2K
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

8.6K
When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
8.6K
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

1.2K
Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...
1.2K
Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity and Compressibility of Fluid01:27

Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity and Compressibility of Fluid

2.7K
Density, specific weight, specific gravity, and compressibility are fundamental properties of fluids. Density is the mass per unit volume, characterizing the mass of a fluid system. It influences buoyancy, pressure, flow dynamics, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and sound propagation. For instance, in pipeline design, accurate density measurements ensure that the pipeline can handle the fluid's mass.
Specific weight represents the weight per unit volume and is calculated by multiplying...
2.7K
Hydraulic Jump01:29

Hydraulic Jump

818
A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
818

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
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Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs

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Complex Fluids and Hydraulic Fracturing.

Alexander C Barbati1, Jean Desroches2, Agathe Robisson3

  • 1Hatsopoulos Microfluids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|April 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydraulic fracturing uses complex fluids to stimulate oil and gas production by creating and maintaining fractures. These fluids, including gels and polymers, are crucial for transporting proppant particles under extreme conditions.

Keywords:
complex fluidshydraulic fracturingparticulate transportporous mediarheologysuspension mechanics

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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydraulic fracturing is a vital technique for hydrocarbon production in oil and gas reservoirs.
  • Complex fluids are integral to multiple stages of the fracturing process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical role of complex fluids in hydraulic fracturing.
  • To detail the interplay between non-Newtonian fluid dynamics and fracturing mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hydraulic fracturing fluids and mechanics.
  • Analysis of fluid properties under reservoir conditions.
  • Examination of fluid-particle interactions during proppant transport.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of complex fluids, including polymers, gels, and foams, are employed.
  • These fluids are engineered to manage fracture propagation and proppant distribution.
  • Fluid behavior is significantly influenced by geological settings and mechanical stresses.

Conclusions:

  • Complex fluids and non-Newtonian fluid dynamics are fundamental to successful hydraulic fracturing.
  • Understanding these fluid behaviors is key to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery.
  • Further research into advanced fluid formulations can enhance fracturing efficiency and sustainability.