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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
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Instrumentation in molecular imaging.

R Glenn Wells1

  • 1H1233, Cardiac Imaging, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada. gwells@ottawaheart.ca.

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology
|April 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining different in vivo molecular imaging techniques overcomes individual limitations. Hybrid systems merge modalities like SPECT/PET with CT/MRI for high sensitivity and spatial resolution in molecular imaging.

Keywords:
Molecular imaginginstrumentation PETinstrumentation SPECToptical imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • In vivo molecular imaging faces challenges due to limitations of single imaging modalities.
  • Nuclear medicine (SPECT, PET) offers high sensitivity but poor spatial resolution.
  • Optical imaging provides high resolution but limited tissue penetration; CT/MRI offer high resolution but low sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of individual in vivo molecular imaging techniques.
  • To explore the benefits of combining different imaging modalities.
  • To achieve both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution for molecular imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing in vivo molecular imaging modalities (SPECT, PET, optical, CT, MRI).
  • Discussion of the complementary strengths and weaknesses of each technique.
  • Exploration of hybrid imaging systems combining different modalities.

Main Results:

  • No single imaging system is ideal for all in vivo molecular imaging tasks.
  • Hybrid systems merge modalities to leverage their respective advantages.
  • Combining nuclear medicine with CT or MRI enhances visualization of molecular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid molecular imaging systems are crucial for overcoming the limitations of individual techniques.
  • Combining modalities like SPECT/PET with CT/MRI provides superior sensitivity and spatial resolution.
  • Multimodal imaging approaches are essential for comprehensive in vivo molecular visualization.