Resting state vagal tone in attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder: A meta-analysis
Julian Koenig1, Joshua A Rash2, Andrew H Kemp3,4
1a Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.
Objectives:
To quantify evidence on resting-state vagal activity in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to controls using meta-analysis.
Methods:
Three electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus) were reviewed to identify studies. Studies reporting on any measure of short-term, vagally mediated heart rate variability during resting state in clinically diagnosed ADHD patients as well as non-ADHD healthy controls were eligible for inclusion.
Results:
Eight studies reporting on 587 participants met inclusion criteria. Random-effect meta-analysis revealed no significant main effect comparing individuals with ADHD (n = 317) and healthy controls (n = 270) (Hedges' g = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.18-0.29, Z = 0.48, P = 0.63; k = 8). Sub-group analysis showed consistent results among studies in adults (k = 2) and children (k = 6) with ADHD.
Conclusions:
Unlike a variety of internalising psychiatric disorders, ADHD is not associated with altered short-term measures of resting-state vagal tone.
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