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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

20
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
20
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

616
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
616

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Understanding Onychomycosis Resolving Diagnostic Dilemmas.

Linda F Stein Gold1

  • 1Director of Dermatology Research Henry Ford Health System Detroit, Michigan.

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|April 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Onychomycosis affects at least 10% of the US population, with older age and diabetes as key risk factors. Definitive diagnosis requires microscopic examination, not just visual inspection.

Keywords:
DermatophyteTrichophyton rubrumonychomycosis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Onychomycosis, a common fungal nail infection, lacks precise prevalence data due to limited rigorous studies.
  • Prevalence estimates vary geographically and demographically, with a notable impact on specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of onychomycosis prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches.
  • To highlight the importance of laboratory confirmation over visual diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on onychomycosis epidemiology and diagnosis.
  • Emphasis on direct microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a primary diagnostic tool.

Main Results:

  • Estimated US prevalence of onychomycosis is at least 10%.
  • Advanced age and diabetes mellitus are identified as significant risk factors.
  • Visual inspection is insufficient; microscopic KOH testing is the recommended first-line diagnostic method.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of onychomycosis relies on laboratory confirmation.
  • Identifying high-risk populations like the elderly and diabetics is crucial for targeted prevention and management.