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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Background Selection in Partially Selfing Populations.

Denis Roze1

  • 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Internationale 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Roscoff, FranceSorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris VI, 29688 Roscoff, France roze@sb-roscoff.fr.

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|April 15, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selfing species show reduced genetic diversity due to background selection. New models reveal loosely linked mutations significantly impact neutral diversity, especially at high selfing rates.

Keywords:
deleterious mutationeffective population sizegenetic driftmultilocus population geneticsself-fertilization

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Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Self-fertilizing species typically exhibit lower neutral polymorphism than outcrossing species.
  • Selfing accelerates coalescence and enhances background selection and genetic hitchhiking by reducing recombination efficiency.
  • Previous approximations for background selection in selfing populations assumed tight linkage between deleterious and neutral loci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general method using multilocus population genetics theory to quantify the impact of deleterious alleles on linked neutral diversity.
  • To derive equilibrium expressions for genetic associations under arbitrary selfing and recombination rates.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of theoretical predictions against individual-based simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multilocus population genetics theory to model genetic associations between loci.
  • Derived equilibrium expressions for genetic moments under varying selfing and recombination rates.
  • Employed individual-based simulations to validate theoretical predictions for multi-locus scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The tight linkage approximation underestimates background selection effects in highly selfing populations with moderate to high genome map lengths.
  • A new, simple approximation accurately predicts neutral diversity for high selfing rates when the deleterious mutation rate is not excessively high.
  • Loosely linked deleterious mutations have a substantial impact on neutral diversity in highly selfing populations.

Conclusions:

  • Existing approximations for background selection in selfing populations are insufficient when linkage is loose.
  • The developed theoretical framework and new approximation provide more accurate predictions for neutral diversity in highly selfing species.
  • Understanding the interplay between selfing, recombination, and deleterious mutations is crucial for explaining patterns of genetic variation in natural populations.