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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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[Classical osteosarcoma in children and adolescent].

D V Rogozhin1, I V Bulycheva2, D M Konovalov1

  • 1Russian Children's Clinical Hospital; D. Rogachev Federal Research Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.

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Summary

Classical osteosarcoma, a common pediatric bone cancer, primarily affects long bones near growth plates. This review covers its diagnosis and prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Skeletal Tumors

Context:

  • Osteosarcoma is a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents.
  • It characteristically arises in long bones, specifically around growth plates.
  • Common sites include the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical, radiological, and histological diagnostic methods for classical osteosarcoma.
  • To discuss the prognostic factors associated with this bone malignancy.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of osteosarcoma in pediatric patients.

Summary:

  • Classical osteosarcoma predominantly occurs in the metaphysis of long bones (90%).
  • Less common locations include the diaphysis (9%) and epiphysis (<1%).
  • Diagnosis integrates clinical presentation, imaging, and histopathology.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of osteosarcoma's epidemiology and common locations.
  • Aids clinicians in accurate diagnosis and risk assessment.
  • Contributes to improved management strategies for pediatric bone tumors.