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Bruxism in Movement Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Bruno Ella1,2, Imad Ghorayeb1, Pierre Burbaud2,3
1Department of Odontology and Buccal Health, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
Summary
Bruxism, a movement disorder involving jaw clenching, may be linked to basal ganglia dysfunction. This review found awake bruxism (AB) is more common in hyperkinetic disorders, especially those with stereotypies and cognitive issues.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Movement Disorders
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Bruxism, characterized by jaw clenching and tooth grinding, is a repetitive movement disorder.
- It is categorized into awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB).
- Potential links between bruxism and basal ganglia dysfunction are under-explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review reported cases of bruxism in association with various movement disorders.
- To investigate the potential role of basal ganglia dysfunction in bruxism pathophysiology.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of biomedical literature was conducted.
- Publications reporting bruxism in conjunction with movement disorders were identified and analyzed.
Main Results:
- Bruxism is infrequently reported in Parkinsonian syndromes; AB may worsen with treatment, while SB occurs during non-REM sleep.
- Awake bruxism (AB) is occasionally seen in Huntington's disease and dystonias.
- Highest incidence and severity of AB are observed in conditions with stereotypies and cognitive impairment, including Rett's syndrome (97%), Down syndrome (42%), and autistic spectrum disorders (32%).
Conclusions:
- Awake bruxism (AB) appears more prevalent in hyperkinetic movement disorders, particularly those involving stereotypies.
- Anxiety influences AB, suggesting the involvement of the limbic basal ganglia in its development.
- Further research into the basal ganglia's role in bruxism is warranted.
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