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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Gain01:15

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Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
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Auditory Perception01:17

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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On the Interplay Between Cochlear Gain Loss and Temporal Envelope Coding Deficits.

Sarah Verhulst1, Patrycja Piktel2, Anoop Jagadeesh2

  • 1Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Department of Medical Physics and Acoustics, Oldenburg University, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany. Sarah.verhulst@uni-oldenburg.de.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study differentiates cochlear gain loss and cochlear neuropathy in hearing impairment using psychoacoustic tests. Findings suggest these components can be isolated, aiding in diagnosing hearing deficits.

Keywords:
Amplitude modulation detectionCochlear neuropathyDPOAEEFRHearing impairment diagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Hearing impairment has two components: cochlear gain loss and cochlear neuropathy.
  • Cochlear gain loss widens auditory filters and elevates hearing thresholds.
  • Cochlear neuropathy impacts temporal coding fidelity of supra-threshold sound.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate cochlear gain loss and cochlear neuropathy in individuals with normal to mild hearing impairment.
  • To utilize psychoacoustic amplitude modulation (AM) detection tasks in quiet and noise.
  • To compare psychoacoustic results with distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) thresholds and envelope-following response (EFR) measures.

Main Methods:

  • Amplitude modulation (AM) detection tasks were performed in quiet and various noise backgrounds.
  • Psychoacoustic data were correlated with DPOAE thresholds and EFR measures.
  • Listeners included those with normal hearing and mild hearing impairment.

Main Results:

  • AM detection thresholds in normal-hearing listeners depended on temporal coding fidelity.
  • Hearing-impaired listeners showed normal AM thresholds, suggesting cochlear gain loss counteracts temporal coding deficits.
  • Narrowband noise maskers disproportionately affected hearing-impaired listeners, indicating a temporal coding deficit.

Conclusions:

  • Psychoacoustic measures can differentiate between cochlear gain loss and cochlear neuropathy.
  • These methods offer potential for differential diagnostics in mixed sensorineural hearing loss.
  • Understanding these components aids in tailored hearing loss management.