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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

41
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
41
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

9
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
9
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

669
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
669
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

3
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
3

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Probiotics in critically ill children.

Sunit C Singhi1, Suresh Kumar2

  • 1Deptartment of Pediatrics, MM Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, 133207, India.

F1000Research
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics may help restore gut microflora balance in critical illness, potentially reducing infections and improving outcomes in infants and children. However, more research is needed to confirm effectiveness and safety for routine use.

Keywords:
Antibiotic associated DiarrheaCandida colonizationCritical illnessCritically ill childrenNosocomial InfectionsProbioticsVentilator Associated Pneumoniacandidemia

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Gut microflora are crucial for immune and nutritive functions, acting as a barrier against pathogens.
  • Critical illness disrupts gut microflora, leading to pathogen translocation, systemic inflammation, and sepsis.
  • Probiotics, derived from gut microbiota, can potentially restore balance and offer protective benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of probiotics in managing gut microflora disruption during critical illness.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preventing and treating conditions like necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • To identify gaps in current evidence regarding probiotic use in critically ill populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on probiotic interventions in critical illness.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data on specific probiotic strains and combinations.
  • Assessment of safety data and adverse events associated with probiotic use.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, reduced necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in preterm infants.
  • Specific strains like Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus aided in preventing late-onset sepsis and Candida colonization in preterm infants.
  • Probiotics showed efficacy in preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically ill children, reducing Candida colonization and candiduria.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics demonstrate potential benefits in specific critical care scenarios, particularly in infants and children.
  • Current evidence does not support routine probiotic use due to unresolved questions on optimal regimens and cost-effectiveness.
  • Safety concerns, including rare cases of bacteremia and fungemia in immunocompromised individuals, warrant further investigation.