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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

Early visual cortical responses produced by checkerboard pattern stimulation.

Yoshihito Shigihara¹, Hideyuki Hoshi¹, Semir Zeki¹

¹Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

|April 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetoencephalography reveals visual evoked magnetic fields occurring before 50ms. These early responses originate from both striate and prestriate cortex, enhancing clinical visual pathway assessments.

Keywords:

Hierarchical processing Magnetoencephalography Parallel processing Prestriate cortex V1

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Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

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Published on: May 12, 2019

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

Published on: February 3, 2015

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

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Published on: August 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual System Physiology

Background:

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) traditionally use flash/checkerboard stimuli and EEG, assessing visual pathways up to the cortex.
Conventional VEPs show early responses (~100ms) attributed to V1, with later prestriate activation.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies with tailored stimuli suggest earlier (<50ms) responses from both striate (V1) and prestriate cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if very early (<50ms) visual evoked magnetic field responses to checkerboard stimuli can be localized to both striate and prestriate cortex using MEG.
To enhance the clinical utility of VEPs by demonstrating parallel subcortical input to visual cortex divisions.

Main Methods:

Utilized reversing checkerboard patterns as visual stimuli.
Recorded cortical visual evoked magnetic fields using magnetoencephalography (MEG).
Estimated the sources of early MEG responses within the striate and prestriate cortex.

Main Results:

Cortical responses to checkerboard patterns were detected earlier than 50ms post-stimulus onset.
Sources of these early responses were successfully estimated in both striate and prestriate cortex.
Demonstrated parallel subcortical input to both striate and prestriate visual cortex divisions.

Conclusions:

Checkerboard-evoked cortical responses occur significantly earlier than previously thought with traditional methods.
MEG can localize these early responses to both striate and prestriate cortex, supporting parallel visual processing.
Findings suggest enhanced diagnostic power for clinical investigations of the visual system.