Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives

Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives was examined in two in vivo tests, one for absorbance by living tissue and one for foreign body reaction. The samples examined were regenerated celluloses and cellulose derivatives: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, aminoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cellulosic polyion complexes. The in vivo absorbance by living tissue was found to depend on the degree of crystallinity and the chemical structure of the sample. The foreign body reaction was relatively mild for all the samples examined, showing that cellulose can be converted to biocompatible materials by physical and/or chemical transformation.