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Related Experiment Video

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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Simultaneous interpreters vs. professional multilingual controls: Group differences in cognitive control as well as

Maxi Becker1, Torsten Schubert2, Tilo Strobach3

  • 1University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.

Neuroimage
|April 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Simultaneous interpreters (SIs) show enhanced cognitive control abilities, including reduced task-switching costs and a dual-task advantage. These benefits are linked to increased gray matter in the left frontal pole and altered brain connectivity.

Keywords:
BA 10Cognitive controlFrontal poleResting state fMRISimultaneous interpretingVoxel-based-morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Bilingualism enhances cognitive control, but mechanisms for complex skills like simultaneous interpreting (SI) remain unclear.
  • Investigating cognitive benefits and neural underpinnings in simultaneous interpreters (SIs) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if SIs exhibit cognitive control advantages over multilingual controls.
  • To explore the relationship between these cognitive benefits and brain structure/function.

Main Methods:

  • Compared cognitive control tasks (task switching, dual-task) in SIs and multilingual controls.
  • Utilized voxel-based morphometry for brain structure analysis.
  • Applied resting-state functional connectivity and graph theory to fMRI data.

Main Results:

  • SIs demonstrated reduced mixing costs and a dual-task advantage.
  • SIs showed greater gray matter volume in the left frontal pole (BA 10).
  • The left frontal pole in SIs exhibited higher global efficiency, degree, and connectivity to left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyri.

Conclusions:

  • SIs possess demonstrable cognitive benefits in executive functions related to cognitive control.
  • Enhanced left frontal pole structure and connectivity may underlie these observed behavioral advantages in SIs.