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Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

Mapping global environmental suitability for Zika virus.

Jane P Messina¹, Moritz Ug Kraemer¹, Oliver J Brady²

¹Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

|April 20, 2016

Summary

Zika virus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a global health risk. Environmental suitability modeling reveals over 2.17 billion people live in areas conducive to Zika virus spread.

Keywords:

Zika virus disease mapping epidemiology global health human infectious disease microbiology vector-borne disease virus

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Area of Science:

Medical Entomology
Epidemiology
Environmental Science

Background:

Zika virus, first identified in Uganda in 1947, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are also vectors for dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Recent outbreaks in Micronesia, Oceania, and Latin America, particularly Brazil, have raised significant public health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To map the global environmental suitability for Zika virus.
To identify regions and populations at risk of Zika virus transmission.

Main Methods:

Species distribution modeling was employed to predict suitable habitats for Zika virus.
Geographic data and environmental factors were analyzed to determine areas conducive to transmission.

Main Results:

A significant portion of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide exhibit environmental conditions suitable for Zika virus.
Over 2.17 billion people reside in these identified suitable areas, indicating a substantial at-risk population.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the extensive geographic range where Zika virus can potentially thrive.
Findings underscore the urgent need for global public health strategies to mitigate the spread and impact of Zika virus.