[Update on celiac disease]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Celiac disease prevalence is ~1% globally, with many cases undiagnosed.
• Clinical symptoms range from malabsorption to silent or extra-intestinal manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline diagnostic approaches for celiac disease.
• To detail current treatment strategies and long-term monitoring protocols.
• To discuss potential future therapeutic developments.

Main Methods:

• Serological testing with high sensitivity and specificity.
• Confirmation via biopsy in adults.
• HLA typing and gluten challenge for those on a gluten-free diet.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis relies on serology and biopsy, with specific protocols for individuals already adhering to a gluten-free diet.
• Gluten-free diet is the primary treatment, requiring nutritionist supervision.
• Monitoring involves regular serology and periodic histology.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of celiac disease hinges on accurate diagnosis and strict adherence to a gluten-free diet.
• Long-term monitoring is essential to detect poor disease control and prevent complications like lymphoma.
• Emerging pharmacologic therapies may offer future treatment options.