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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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[Hydroxychloroquine for autoimmune diseases].

Álvaro Danza, Diego Graña, Mabel Goñi

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    Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely used antimalarial drug for systemic autoimmune diseases, offering immunomodulatory and antithrombotic benefits. While generally safe, potential retinal toxicity requires monitoring, but HCQ significantly improves outcomes in conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology and Immunology
    • Pharmacology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone therapy for various systemic autoimmune diseases.
    • Its multifaceted properties include immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antithrombotic effects, alongside a potential reduction in malignancy risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the established and potential benefits of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in managing systemic autoimmune diseases.
    • To highlight its efficacy in specific conditions and discuss its safety profile.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) applications in systemic autoimmune diseases.
    • Analysis of clinical data regarding efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action.

    Main Results:

    • HCQ demonstrates significant benefits in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, reducing disease activity, organ damage, infections, thrombosis, and improving cardiometabolic health.
    • Effective in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Antiphospholipid Syndrome, improving joint inflammation, lacrimal quality, and thrombosis prevention.
    • Potential benefits noted in Dermatomyositis, Sarcoidosis, and Still disease, though less established.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a valuable therapeutic agent for numerous systemic autoimmune diseases, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
    • While generally safe, careful monitoring for potential retinal toxicity is essential.
    • Further research may elucidate its role in other systemic autoimmune conditions.