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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

27
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
27
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

317
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
317
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
368
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.7K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

441
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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Hepatitis B and C in Children.

Rohan Malik1, Winita Hardikar2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric hepatitis B and C diagnosis and treatment have changed significantly. This review offers practical guidelines for managing children with these viral infections, even when asymptomatic.

Keywords:
ChildrenChronic hepatitis BChronic hepatitis CHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusLiver diseaseTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B and C diagnosis and treatment have evolved significantly over the last decade.
  • Pediatric cases of hepatitis B and C often present complex management challenges, requiring specialized knowledge.
  • Children with these viral infections are typically asymptomatic with normal liver function tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common clinical scenarios of hepatitis B and C in children.
  • To explain diagnostic tests for pediatric hepatitis B and C.
  • To provide practical management guidelines for pediatricians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in hepatitis B and C diagnosis and treatment in children.
  • Analysis of clinical scenarios encountered in pediatric practice.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic testing options and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Recent advancements have shifted the paradigm in diagnosing and treating hepatitis B and C.
  • Evaluation and management require specialized expertise due to potential complexities.
  • Practical guidelines are essential for pediatricians managing these cases.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatricians need updated knowledge to manage hepatitis B and C effectively.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for long-term outcomes in children.
  • Specialized expertise ensures optimal care for children with hepatitis B and C.