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A Low-Cost Fiducial Reference Phantom for Computed Tomography.

Zachary H Levine1, Steven Grantham1, Daniel S Sawyer2

  • 1Photon Physics Group National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8410.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Introducing a simple, low-cost fiducial reference structure can improve the detection of small changes in lesion size. This method enhances the reliability of medical imaging analysis for lesion growth monitoring.

Keywords:
Coordinate Measuring Machinecentroiddimensional referencemedical phantomsecond moment tensortomography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Image analysis

Background:

  • Accurate detection of lesion growth is crucial in medical diagnostics.
  • Apparent size changes in medical imaging must exceed the system's noise floor for reliable detection.
  • Fiducial references can potentially improve the sensitivity of detecting subtle changes in lesion size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using a low-cost fiducial reference structure for enhancing the detection of lesion size changes.
  • To validate the accuracy of measurements obtained using the fiducial reference across different imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • A precision structure was fabricated using components from a children's building toy, suspending three precision spheres.
  • Distances between sphere centroids were measured using a high-precision mechanical method, micro computed tomography (CT), and medical CT.
  • Image analysis involved setting thresholds to determine nominal volumes of the spheres in medical CT images.

Main Results:

  • Measurements from the mechanical method, micro CT, and medical CT showed agreement with each other and with the structure's design values.
  • Volumetric measures in medical CT allowed for length determination significantly smaller than the voxel size.
  • The fiducial structure utilized materials with X-ray properties comparable to human tissues.

Conclusions:

  • A low-cost fiducial reference structure, assembled from readily available toy parts, can reliably measure small changes in size.
  • This approach enables the detection of changes smaller than the voxel size in medical CT, improving lesion monitoring.
  • The method offers a cost-effective solution for enhancing the precision of medical imaging analysis.