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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
Published on: March 7, 2025
Alarmins and Antitumor Immunity.
Yingjie Nie1, De Yang2, Joost J Oppenheim3
1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Guizhou Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
Alarmins are immune system alarm signals that help fight tumors. These molecules, like High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), can be used as cancer biomarkers and in cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Alarmins are endogenous molecules acting as early warning signals for the immune system.
- They are released upon infection or tissue injury, initiating immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of major alarmins.
- To highlight the roles of alarmins in tumor immunity.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of PubMed up to January 10, 2016.
- Keywords used: alarmins and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
- Selected and reviewed articles focusing on alarmin discovery, functions, and tumor immunity roles.
Main Results:
- Alarmins are immunostimulatory DAMPs sensed by immune cells.
- They promote leukocyte recruitment and activation, crucial for immune responses.
- High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) is highlighted for its role in antitumor immunity.
Conclusions:
- Alarmins contribute to antitumor immunity generation.
- Certain alarmins show potential as cancer biomarkers.
- Alarmins may be valuable tools in cancer therapy.
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