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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
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Gray Matter Growth Is Accompanied by Increasing Blood Flow and Decreasing Apparent Diffusion Coefficient during

N D Forkert1, M D Li2, R M Lober3

  • 1From the Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.D.F.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada nils.forkert@ucalgary.ca.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|April 23, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Reference values for brain gray matter volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and water diffusion (ADC) in healthy children were established. These findings provide a baseline for assessing pediatric brain development and pathology.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neuroimaging
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Normal reference values for pediatric brain gray matter volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and water diffusion (ADC) are not well-established.
  • Understanding age-dependent changes in these parameters is crucial for pediatric neurology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine age-related normal values for regional gray matter volume, CBF, and ADC in healthy children.
  • To establish reference data for key brain structures during childhood development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of MR imaging data from 100 healthy children.
  • Atlas-based approach to determine age-related normal values for specific brain regions.
  • Analysis of gray matter volume, CBF, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Main Results:

  • Gray matter structures showed rapid growth before age 10, followed by plateau or decline.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decreased with age, with significant changes before age 5.
  • Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increased linearly with age, except in the globus pallidus.

Conclusions:

  • Normal pediatric brain development is characterized by early volume growth, increasing CBF, and decreasing ADC.
  • The established reference data for CBF and ADC can aid in assessing pathological changes in children.
  • This study provides valuable normative data for pediatric brain imaging analysis.
Abstract

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