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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
Published on: November 16, 2011
The simultaneous control of hyperglycemia and GLP-1 infusion normalize endothelial function in type 1 diabetes
Antonio Ceriello1, Valeria De Nigris2, Gemma Pujadas2
1Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Background:
To test the effect of normoglycemia and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), alone or in combination, on the possible normalization of endothelial function in type 1 diabetes.
Methods:
Fifteen people with type 1 diabetes participated in three experiments: reaching and maintaining normoglycemia for 4h; reaching and maintaining hyperglycemia plus GLP-1 infusion for 4h; and reaching and maintaining normoglycemia for 4h with simultaneous infusion of GLP-1.
Results:
Both normoglycemia and GLP-1 infusion restored endothelial function and decreased and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels. However, only the combination of normoglycemia and GLP-1 was able to normalize endothelial function.
Conclusions:
This study confirms that long-lasting hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes induces a permanent alteration which contributes to maintaining endothelial dysfunction even when glycemia is normalized, and that in the presence of normoglycemia, GLP-1 can contribute to normalizing endothelial function.
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