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Hydrothermal carbonization of pulp mill streams.

Hanne Wikberg1, Taina Ohra-Aho1, Mari Honkanen2

  • 1VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.

Bioresource Technology
|April 24, 2016
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Summary

Pulp mill waste streams can be converted into valuable carbonaceous materials. Different biomass components, like lignin and carbohydrates, yield varying amounts and types of carbon materials.

Keywords:
GalactoglucomannanHydrothermal carbonizationKraft ligninKraft pulpPulp mill

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass valorization
  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant in pulp mill waste streams.
  • Developing sustainable methods for converting biomass into valuable products is crucial.
  • Understanding the conversion pathways of different biomass components is essential for process optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conversion of galactoglucomannan, bleached kraft pulp, and TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils into carbonaceous materials.
  • To analyze the yield, structure, and morphology of produced carbonaceous materials over time.
  • To evaluate the potential of pulp mill streams as lignocellulosic resources for carbon material generation.

Main Methods:

  • Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection (Py-GC/FID) was used to study conversion progress and product composition.
  • Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was employed to analyze the structure and morphology of carbonaceous materials.
  • Systematic time-course studies were conducted to monitor the reaction kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Carbohydrate components (galactoglucomannan, bleached kraft pulp, cellulose nanofibrils) showed slower conversion but produced fibrous materials with higher molar mass and viscosity.
  • Kraft lignin exhibited a minor conversion with a distinct reaction pathway.
  • Carbonaceous particle yields ranged from 23% to 73% after 4 hours, with lignin yielding higher amounts than carbohydrates.

Conclusions:

  • Pulp mill waste streams are viable lignocellulosic resources for producing carbonaceous materials.
  • The conversion pathways and resulting material properties differ significantly between lignin and carbohydrate fractions.
  • Optimized pyrolysis conditions can tailor the yield and characteristics of carbon materials from specific biomass components.