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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Stress01:18

Shearing Stress

2.4K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

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A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by creating...
771
Shear Diagram01:27

Shear Diagram

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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...
1.8K
Normal and Shear Force01:14

Normal and Shear Force

3.7K
When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
3.7K
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

1.7K
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
1.7K
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

596
To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
596

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
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Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

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Are shear force methods adequately reported?

Benjamin W B Holman1, Stephanie M Fowler1, David L Hopkins1

  • 1Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales (NSW) 2794, Australia.

Meat Science
|April 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific literature often omits key details for shear force (SF) testing in meat. This lack of information hinders repeatability and accurate interpretation of meat tenderness results.

Keywords:
Blade typeMeatMethodologySample preparationShear forceTendernessTenderometer

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Area of Science:

  • Meat science
  • Food science
  • Animal science

Background:

  • Shear force (SF) is a critical indicator of meat tenderness.
  • Standardized reporting of SF testing methods is essential for scientific reproducibility.
  • A review of SF protocols in recent literature is needed to identify reporting gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the extent of detail in reporting SF testing protocols and methods in scientific literature from 2009-2015.
  • To identify common practices and omissions in SF testing within animal and food science research.
  • To highlight areas needing improvement for enhanced repeatability and interpretation of SF data.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 734 articles published in peer-reviewed animal and food science journals (2009-2015).
  • Focus on studies measuring SF in unprocessed, non-fabricated mammal meats.
  • Data extraction on geographical origin, species, muscle sample, equipment, sample preparation, cooking methods, and specific testing parameters.

Main Results:

  • Most studies originated in Europe (35.3%) and focused on bovine species (49.0%), using m. longissimus samples (55.2%).
  • Instron tenderometers with Warner-Bratzler blades were commonly used (31.2% and 68.8%, respectively).
  • Many articles omitted crucial details such as blade crosshead speed (47.5%), SF resistance (56.7%), muscle fiber orientation (49.2%), sample dimensions (21.8%), and endpoint temperature (29.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant omissions in reporting SF testing methodologies are prevalent in scientific literature.
  • Incomplete data reporting compromises the repeatability and accurate interpretation of meat tenderness measurements.
  • Standardization and comprehensive reporting of SF testing parameters are crucial for advancing meat science research.