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Micro-precise spatiotemporal delivery system embedded in 3D printing for complex tissue regeneration.

Solaiman Tarafder1, Alia Koch, Yena Jun

  • 1Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St.-VC12-230, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Biofabrication
|April 26, 2016
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Summary

This study presents a 3D printing method for tissue engineering using microspheres loaded with growth factors. This novel system enables precise delivery to regenerate complex tissues like the temporomandibular joint disc.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Three dimensional (3D) printing offers custom scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering.
  • Developing systems for controlled spatiotemporal delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs) is crucial for complex tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a micro-precise spatiotemporal delivery system embedded in 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering.
  • To investigate the efficacy of this system in regenerating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (μS) encapsulated with growth factors (GFs) were embedded in polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D printed scaffolds.
  • Micro-precise spatial control of multiple GFs (CTGF and TGFβ3) was achieved during a single 3D printing process.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc perforation models in rabbits.

Main Results:

  • The embedded microspheres protected GF bioactivity and enabled sustained release.
  • In vitro, scaffolds promoted multiphase fibrocartilage formation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs).
  • In vivo, GF-loaded scaffolds significantly improved TMJ disc healing and prevented condylar arthritic changes compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The developed micro-precise spatiotemporal delivery system integrated with 3D printing is effective for regenerating complex, inhomogeneous tissues.
  • This approach holds significant potential for advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, particularly for joint tissues.