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Collagen-Based Microspheres for Biomedical Applications in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

Mohammad Jahir Raihan1, Zhong Hu2, Solaiman Tarafder1

  • 1Biomaterials and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jerome J. Lohr College of Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

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Summary

Collagen microspheres offer advanced drug delivery and regenerative medicine solutions. These engineered biomaterials mimic natural tissue environments, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and tissue repair.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingcollagenimmunogenicitymicrofluidicsmicrospheresregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Collagen is a key extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, valued for biocompatibility and low immunogenicity.
  • Engineering collagen into microspheres enhances surface area and control over degradation and release.
  • Microspheres serve dual roles as biomimetic microenvironments and delivery vehicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review collagen-based microspheres in drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
  • To analyze fabrication strategies, composite approaches, and characterization methods.
  • To discuss applications, challenges, and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in collagen microsphere fabrication (emulsification, microfluidics, spray-drying, electrospraying).
  • Analysis of composite strategies incorporating minerals, polysaccharides, or synthetic polymers.
  • Examination of characterization techniques linking structure, properties, and biological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Collagen microspheres effectively replicate native tissue microenvironments.
  • Demonstrated utility in controlled drug delivery, cell delivery, and tissue regeneration (bone, cartilage, skin, nerve).
  • Applications include wound care and localized cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Collagen microspheres are versatile platforms for advanced regenerative and therapeutic technologies.
  • Challenges in scalable manufacturing and reproducibility are being addressed by new solutions.
  • Emerging technologies like recombinant collagen and stimuli-responsive systems show promise.