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Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
Published on: March 23, 2018
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Islet Autoantibodies
Vito Lampasona1,2, Daniela Liberati3,4
1Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy. lampasona.vito@hsr.it.
Current Diabetes Reports
|April 27, 2016
Summary
This review details islet autoantibodies, key markers for type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoimmunity. Understanding these autoantibodies and their targets aids in T1D diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction in at-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Islet autoantibodies are primary indicators of pancreatic autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D).
- These antibodies target specific antigens like insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), IA-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 (ZnT8A) within pancreatic beta cells.
- Liquid phase assays provide sensitive and specific measurement of these critical autoimmune markers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on autoantigens recognized by islet autoantibodies.
- To summarize the phenotype of islet autoantibodies observed in large prospective studies.
- To highlight the role of islet autoantibodies in understanding the natural history of T1D.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from large prospective studies monitoring children at risk for T1D from birth.
- Review of current literature on islet autoantigens and autoantibody phenotypes.
- Utilizing sensitive and specific liquid phase assays for antibody detection.
Main Results:
- Islet autoantibodies (IAA, GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8A) are crucial for T1D diagnostics and prognostics.
- These antibodies are key parameters for monitoring autoimmune responses in T1D patients.
- Longitudinal studies reveal distinct autoantibody phenotypes in individuals developing T1D.
Conclusions:
- Islet autoantibodies are indispensable tools for exploring T1D's natural history.
- Understanding autoantibody profiles aids in predicting T1D onset in at-risk populations.
- This review consolidates knowledge on autoantigens and autoantibody phenotypes for improved T1D management.
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