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Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
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Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)
C Hingray1, J Biberon2, W El-Hage3
1Service de neurologie, CHRU de Nancy, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France.
Revue Neurologique
|April 28, 2016
Summary
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are behavioral changes with psychological origins, not epilepsy. Diagnosis requires Video-EEG, and a multidisciplinary approach is key for effective therapy.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
- Psychosomatic Medicine
Background:
- Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) present as behavioral changes or altered consciousness mimicking epileptic seizures.
- PNES are classified under dissociative or somatoform (conversion) disorders, highlighting their psychological etiology.
- Understanding the pathophysiology involves recognizing PNES as a symptom, with dissociation playing a pivotal role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and their diagnostic criteria.
- To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing PNES.
- To outline the diagnostic gold standard and therapeutic considerations for PNES.
Main Methods:
- Video-electroencephalogram (Video-EEG) recording during an event is the established gold standard for PNES diagnosis.
- Case-by-case assessment of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors is crucial.
- Utilizing a multidisciplinary team for diagnosis and management.
Main Results:
- Video-EEG confirmation differentiates PNES from epileptic seizures.
- Identification of individual patient factors aids in understanding PNES.
- Effective communication of the diagnosis is a critical therapeutic intervention.
Conclusions:
- PNES are distinct from epileptic seizures, originating from psychological factors.
- A comprehensive, case-specific evaluation is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
- A multidisciplinary approach, including clear communication, is essential for successful PNES management.
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