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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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Viruses, Artificial Viruses and Virus-Based Structures for Biomedical Applications.

Patrick van Rijn1,2, Romana Schirhagl1

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Nanobiomaterials, including virus particles and artificial virus particles, present significant opportunities in biomedicine.
  • Recent progress in virus-based systems offers insights into mimicking viral structures and assembly.
  • Understanding biodistribution, targeting, disassembly, and circulation is crucial for effective virus-based systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in mimicking and controlling virus-based nanobiomaterials.
  • To highlight the application of these systems in drug/gene delivery and imaging.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing the functionality of virus-based systems for biomedical use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in virus-based nanobiomaterials.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on mimicking viral structures and assembly processes.
  • Examination of research on controlling biodistribution, targeting, and release mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in mimicking viral structures and assembly.
  • Enhanced control over biodistribution, cell targeting, and triggered release has been achieved.
  • Virus-based systems demonstrate high potential for advanced drug/gene delivery and imaging applications.

Conclusions:

  • Virus-based nanobiomaterials are powerful tools for biomedical applications.
  • Mimicking and controlling viral properties are key to optimizing delivery and imaging.
  • Further research in virus-based systems will drive innovation in nanomedicine.