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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum

Published on: November 23, 2013

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Approach to the Management of Pediatric-Onset Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (Anti-NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis: A Case

J Nicholas Brenton1, Joshua Kim2, Richard H Schwartz3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA jnb8h@virginia.edu.

Journal of Child Neurology
|April 29, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is treatable with immunotherapy, leading to good recovery in pediatric patients. However, chronic immunotherapy poses significant risks, necessitating careful benefit-risk assessment and further research.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune neurological disorder.
  • The impact of acute and chronic immunotherapy on the natural history of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the treatment course and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
  • To assess the efficacy and complications of acute and chronic immunotherapy in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
  • Data collection included demographics, disease manifestations, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ten pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis were identified.
  • All patients received acute immunotherapy and achieved good recovery without neurologic relapse.
  • Fifty percent of patients experienced complications from chronic immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Acute immunotherapy appears effective for pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, leading to good recovery.
  • Chronic immunotherapy is associated with significant complications, requiring careful consideration of risks versus benefits.
  • Further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal duration and benefit of long-term immunotherapy.

Keywords:
NMDAautoimmuneencephalitispediatric

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