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Anesthesiology Residency Matching: Key Differentiators in a Post-Step 1 Pass/Fail Era
Joshua Kim1, Giselle Tran1, Kishore Bharadwaj1
1Anesthesiology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA.
Cureus
|June 8, 2026
Summary
The USMLE Step 1 pass/fail change increased emphasis on Step 2 scores and research for anesthesiology residency matches. Applicants need well-rounded profiles to succeed in this competitive field.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Residency Matching
- Anesthesiology
Background:
- The USMLE Step 1 transitioned to pass/fail grading in 2022, altering residency candidate evaluation.
- Anesthesiology program directors now prioritize other application components like USMLE Step 2 scores and research.
- This study examines the impact of these changes on anesthesiology residency applicant competitiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze factors influencing anesthesiology residency match success post-USMLE Step 1 pass/fail transition.
- To compare matched and unmatched anesthesiology applicants using NRMP data.
Main Methods:
- Utilized National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) data from 2008-2023.
- Compared matched anesthesiology applicants (MAAs) with unmatched applicants (UAAs) and all matched applicants (AMAs).
- Analyzed academic, experiential, and match-related metrics.
Main Results:
- USMLE Step 2 scores, research experiences, and publication volume significantly differentiated matched applicants.
- PhD attainment was not a consistent predictor of match success.
- PGY-1 match rates for MD seniors improved, while PGY-2 match opportunities decreased significantly.
Conclusions:
- USMLE Step 2 scores and research productivity are crucial for anesthesiology residency matches.
- Prospective applicants must focus on well-roundedness to navigate an increasingly competitive residency landscape.
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