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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

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From melanocytes to melanomas.

A Hunter Shain1, Boris C Bastian1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Box 3111, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|April 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanoma tumors vary based on sun exposure and progression. This review models common melanoma evolutionary paths, integrating genetic and clinical data for better understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Melanomas on sun-exposed skin are diverse tumors.
  • Tumor progression ranges from benign nevi to metastatic melanoma.
  • Melanoma subtypes follow distinct evolutionary paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate common melanoma progression trajectories.
  • To propose models of tumor evolution.
  • To integrate genetic, histopathological, clinical, and biological insights.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of melanoma progression.
  • Analysis of tumor evolution models.
  • Integration of multidisciplinary data.

Main Results:

  • Identification of common melanoma progression pathways.
  • Proposed models for tumor evolution.
  • Synthesis of insights from various research fields.

Conclusions:

  • Melanoma evolution is complex and subtype-specific.
  • Understanding these trajectories aids in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Integrated models provide a comprehensive view of melanoma progression.