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Related Concept Videos

Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

38.9K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

22.0K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
22.0K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Formulation and Stability of Solutions.

Michael J Akers

    International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding
    |April 30, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This article discusses optimizing the physical stability of ready-to-use ophthalmic solutions. It addresses common challenges like drug solubility, chemical stability, and microbial contamination prevention in injectable and topical formulations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmaceutical Sciences
    • Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
    • Formulation Science

    Background:

    • Ready-to-use solutions are preferred for ophthalmic products.
    • Solution formulations present stability, solubility, and microbial contamination challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss optimizing the physical stability of ophthalmic solutions.
    • To address common challenges in ophthalmic solution formulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Discussion of formulation strategies.
    • Analysis of stability challenges.
    • Review of preservation techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Identified key factors affecting physical stability.
    • Outlined methods to enhance drug solubility.
    • Discussed strategies for microbial control.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing physical stability is crucial for ophthalmic solutions.
    • Addressing formulation challenges ensures product efficacy and safety.
    • This article initiates a series on ophthalmic solution development.