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Bench-scale Analysis of Surrogates for Anaerobic Digestion Processes.

Zachary S Carroll¹, Sharon C Long

¹Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

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Summary

Evaluating surrogate organisms for pathogen destruction in anaerobic digestion is crucial. Male-specific coliphages show promise for virus inactivation, but no surrogates effectively predicted helminth inactivation in this study.

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Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Wastewater treatment technologies

Background:

Regulatory monitoring of pathogen destruction in anaerobic digestion is costly and time-consuming.
Surrogate organisms offer a potential solution to supplement traditional monitoring methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of various surrogate organisms for predicting pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion.
To assess the influence of different operational conditions and biosolids sources on surrogate performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized a semi-batch, bench-scale anaerobic digester operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.
Enumerated USEPA-regulated pathogens and multiple surrogate organisms (fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, coliphages, Clostridium perfringens, bacterial spores) in biosolids.
Analyzed inactivation rates across different facilities and seasons with a 15-day solids retention time.

Main Results:

Male-specific coliphages demonstrated potential as a surrogate for virus inactivation.
No tested surrogate organisms correlated well with helminth inactivation under the studied conditions.
Significant differences in inactivation rates were observed between different biosolids facilities, but not between seasons.

Conclusions:

Male-specific coliphages may be a viable surrogate for monitoring virus inactivation in anaerobic digestion.
Current surrogate options are insufficient for predicting helminth inactivation in this context.
Facility-specific factors significantly impact pathogen inactivation rates, highlighting the need for tailored monitoring approaches.