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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy
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Odontoblasts: Specialized hard-tissue-forming cells in the dentin-pulp complex.

Nobuyuki Kawashima1, Takashi Okiji1

  • 1Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.

Congenital Anomalies
|May 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Odontoblasts are specialized cells crucial for dentin formation and tooth health. Their unique differentiation and potential roles in sensing stimuli and regeneration are key to understanding dental pulp stem cell therapies.

Keywords:
dental pulp stem cellsdentin pulp complexdentinogenesis imperfectaodontoblasts

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Biology
  • Cellular Differentiation
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Odontoblasts are specialized cells responsible for dentin production and possess unique cellular extensions within dentinal tubules.
  • Unlike osteoblasts, odontoblast induction is a singular event during tooth development, with these cells persisting throughout a healthy tooth's lifespan.
  • Signaling molecules from the inner enamel epithelium are essential for odontoblast precursor differentiation from peripheral dental papilla cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of odontoblast differentiation, particularly in response to injury.
  • To explore the broader functional roles of odontoblasts beyond dentinogenesis.
  • To review advancements in dentin-pulp complex regeneration and congenital dentin anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on odontoblast biology, differentiation pathways, and signaling molecules.
  • Analysis of studies investigating odontoblast functions, including sensory and immune surveillance roles.
  • Synthesis of research on regenerative strategies for the dentin-pulp complex.

Main Results:

  • Odontoblast differentiation is triggered by specific signaling molecules during development and can be re-induced from dental pulp stem cells following injury.
  • Bioactive molecules, including non-collagenous proteins, are implicated in odontoblast differentiation, though mechanisms require further elucidation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests odontoblasts function as nociceptors and pathogen surveillance cells, in addition to their primary role in dentin formation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding odontoblast differentiation is critical for regenerative dentistry and therapies aimed at preserving pulpless teeth.
  • Further research into the multifaceted roles of odontoblasts may reveal new therapeutic targets for dental regeneration and anomaly treatment.
  • The study highlights the importance of odontoblasts in maintaining tooth vitality and their potential in future restorative dental applications.