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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Olfaction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Philippe Rombaux1,2, C Huart3,4, P Levie5

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@uclouvain.be.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|May 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. This review covers assessing olfactory function, its causes in CRS, and treatment efficacy for improved quality of life.

Keywords:
Chronic rhinosinusitisNasal polypsOlfactionSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Quality of Life Research

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • It significantly diminishes patients' quality of life.
  • Clinicians need awareness and strategies for managing olfactory issues in CRS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the assessment methods for olfactory function in CRS patients.
  • To explore the etiopathology of olfactory dysfunction in CRS, with and without nasal polyps.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various treatments on olfactory function in CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysical testing for olfactory function evaluation.
  • Olfactory bulb imaging for baseline olfactory assessment.
  • Literature review of treatment outcomes on olfactory function.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory function assessment and olfactory bulb imaging are crucial for evaluating CRS patients.
  • Understanding the etiopathology of olfactory dysfunction in CRS is key.
  • Treatment outcomes for olfactory dysfunction in CRS remain challenging to predict.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of olfactory function is vital for CRS management.
  • Further research is needed to predict treatment efficacy for olfactory dysfunction in CRS.
  • Improving olfactory function can significantly enhance the quality of life for CRS patients.