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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

Published on: October 10, 2025

Neurorestoration after stroke.

Tej D Azad¹, Anand Veeravagu¹, Gary K Steinberg¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Neurosurgical Focus

|May 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New neurorestorative therapies, including stem cell treatments and neuromodulation, offer hope for ischemic stroke recovery. These advanced approaches aim to repair brain circuits and enhance neuroplasticity for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

BCI = brain-computer interface G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor MSC = mesenchymal stem cell NPC = neural progenitor cell NSC = neural stem cell NT2N = Ntera2/D1 neuron-like PSD-95 = postsynaptic density-95 RCT = randomized controlled trial TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation brain-computer interface exogenous stem cells neuroplasticity optogenetics tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation tPA = tissue plasminogen activator

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Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Regenerative Medicine
Neurology

Background:

Ischemic stroke pathophysiology is well-understood, yet effective restorative therapies remain limited.
Current treatments often fail to fully restore patients' quality of life post-stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of stroke pathophysiology and current therapeutic strategies.
To highlight the scientific and clinical implications of emerging neurorestorative therapies for stroke.

Main Methods:

Review of recent advancements in stem cell biology.
Analysis of neuromodulation techniques for neurorestoration.
Overview of existing stroke therapies and their limitations.

Main Results:

Emerging therapies focus on reestablishing neural circuits disrupted by ischemia.
Multidimensional mechanisms are being explored to improve neuroplasticity and remodeling.
Cell transplantation and neurostimulation show promise in preclinical and early clinical studies.

Conclusions:

Neurorestorative therapies represent a significant advancement in stroke treatment.
These therapies hold potential for improving functional recovery and quality of life in stroke survivors.
Further research is crucial to translate these advancements into widespread clinical practice.