Algodystrophy in major orthopaedic surgery

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) describes a diversity of painful conditions following trauma, associated with abnormal regulation of blood flow and sweating, trophic changes, and edema of skin. Epidemiology of this disease is not convincing because of the difficulties and inaccuracies in the diagnosis. Several mechanisms are involved in the genesis of CRPS. The higher incidence of CRPS in women over 65 suggests that some changes involving natural and pathologic processes of aging predispose to onset a CRPS. Many features of the orthopaedic management (surgical time, immobilization, surgical incision, fracture osteosynthesis or prosthetic implants) might influence inflammation status in different way. It is mandatory to improve the understanding of both the pathogenesis of CRPS and the conditions that play a decisive role in its genesis. Furthermore it is important to find some biomarkers that allow early diagnosis before the onset of typical clinical signs.