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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction
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mTOR Inhibitors at a Glance.

Yin Zheng1, Yu Jiang2

  • 1Medical Health Care Center, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China.

Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key protein kinase regulating cell growth. This commentary summarizes mTOR inhibitors developed as potential cancer therapies.

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AktKinase inhibitorsPhosphatidylinositol-3-kinaseRapamycinmTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase regulating cell growth and proliferation.
  • mTOR is a validated therapeutic target for cancers driven by uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  • The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin was the first identified mTOR inhibitor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise summary of mTOR inhibitors.
  • To highlight the development and clinical trial status of mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mTOR inhibitors.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for mTOR inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Numerous mTOR inhibitors have been developed over the past decade.
  • Many mTOR inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials for various cancers.

Conclusions:

  • mTOR inhibitors represent a promising class of targeted cancer therapies.
  • Further research and clinical evaluation are ongoing for mTOR-targeted treatments.