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Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...

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Energy diagrams are important to understand the dynamics of a system. The topology of an energy diagram helps illustrate the equilibrium points of the system.
The point in the energy diagram at which the system’s potential energy is the lowest is known as the local minima. The system tends to stay in this position indefinitely unless acted upon by a net force. The slope of the potential energy diagram at the local minima is zero, indicating that zero net force is acting on the system. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Phase diagram for passive electromagnetic scatterers.

Jeng Yi Lee, Ray-Kuang Lee

|May 4, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new phase diagram maps electromagnetic scattering and absorption for passive materials. This universal tool reveals phenomena like cloaking and enables the design of functional electromagnetic devices.

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Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Published on: September 4, 2015

Area of Science:

Electromagnetism
Materials Science
Applied Physics

Background:

Understanding electromagnetic scattering and absorption is crucial for designing advanced optical and electronic devices.
Current models often lack a unified framework to describe diverse scattering phenomena.
Passive electromagnetic scatterers exhibit complex behaviors influenced by their physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a universal phase diagram for characterizing passive electromagnetic scatterers.
To visualize the interplay between scattering and absorption phenomena.
To provide a systematic method for designing functional electromagnetic devices using this phase diagram.

Main Methods:

Developed a phase diagram based on the amplitude squared and phase of scattering coefficients for spherical harmonic channels.
Analyzed physically allowable solutions within the diagram to understand power conservation between scattering and absorption.
Utilized electrically small core-shell scatterers as a model system to demonstrate inverse design capabilities.

Main Results:

The phase diagram serves as a universal map for any passive electromagnetic scatterer.
It illustrates power competition between scattering and absorption, revealing phenomena like resonant scattering, invisible cloaking, and coherent perfect absorption.
Demonstrated a systematic design method for field-controllable structures based on allowed trajectories in the phase diagram.

Conclusions:

The proposed phase diagram offers a powerful tool for understanding and predicting the electromagnetic behavior of passive scatterers.
The inverse design approach based on this diagram facilitates the creation of novel functional electromagnetic devices.
This framework unifies the study of diverse scattering and absorption phenomena.