Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

1.1K
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
1.1K
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

1.4K
Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.
1.4K
Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

700
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
700
Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

6.2K
The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
6.2K
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

704
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
704
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

4.9K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Skin grafting and regeneration: Bridging biological barriers towards functional regeneration.

Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn InjuriesĀ·2026
Same author

Peritumoural adipose tissue promotes ferroptosis resistance by 3-hydroxykynurenine-mediated suppression of ferritinophagy.

Nature cell biologyĀ·2026
Same author

Peritumoural adipose tissue drives immune evasion in colorectal cancer via adipose-mesenchymal transformation.

Nature cell biologyĀ·2026
Same author

Macaque prefrontal cortex integrates multiple components for metacognitive judgments of working memory.

NeuronĀ·2026
Same author

Polydopamine-encapsulated modified Pulsatilla decoction: a strategy to enhance ulcerative colitis therapy.

Chinese medicineĀ·2026
Same author

One-step approach producing barcoded rabies virus with optimized diversity.

Cell reports methodsĀ·2025
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Ī¦-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics expressĀ·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics expressĀ·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics expressĀ·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics expressĀ·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics expressĀ·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics expressĀ·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.4K

Diversity-optimal power loading for intensity modulated MIMO optical wireless communications.

Yan-Yu Zhang, Hong-Yi Yu, Jian-Kang Zhang

    Optics Express
    |May 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We designed a diversity-optimal space code (DOSC) for optical wireless communication systems. This new code significantly outperforms existing repetition codes, offering improved performance in high signal-to-noise ratio conditions.

    More Related Videos

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.4K
    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Wireless Communication
    • Information Theory
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Intensity Modulated/Direct Detection (IM/DD) Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) systems are crucial for high-speed optical wireless communication (OWC).
    • Log-normal distribution of channel coefficients presents unique challenges for OWC system design.
    • Existing space codes may not fully exploit diversity gains in IM/DD MIMO-OWC.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design a novel space code for IM/DD MIMO-OWC systems with log-normally distributed channels.
    • To maximize both large-scale and small-scale diversity gains.
    • To ensure low-complexity Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a diversity-optimal space code (DOSC) based on established criteria for IM/DD MIMO-OWC.
    • Mathematical proof demonstrating the diversity-optimality of the proposed DOSC.
    • Comparative analysis with spatial repetition codes (RC) under optical power constraints.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed DOSC maximizes both large-scale and small-scale diversity gains.
    • The spatial repetition code (RC) with optimized power allocation is proven diversity-optimal among high-dimensional nonnegative space codes.
    • The DOSC allows for low-complexity ML detection, a significant advantage.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed DOSC offers superior performance compared to existing codes like RC in high SNR regimes.
    • The DOSC provides a practical and efficient solution for enhancing IM/DD MIMO-OWC systems.
    • This research contributes to advancing the efficiency and reliability of optical wireless communication technologies.