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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
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RGB visible light communication using mobile-phone camera and multi-input multi-output.

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    This study introduces a novel method for Red, Green, Blue (RGB) Visible Light Communication (VLC) using a CMOS image sensor and Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques to reduce interference and improve data transmission. The approach effectively separates color signals, enhancing communication capacity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems utilize Red, Green, Blue (RGB) light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) for enhanced transmission capacity via Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM).
    • Color image sensors in mobile devices commonly employ color filter arrays to demultiplex optical signals.
    • Significant spectral overlap among color filters leads to high Inter-Channel Interference (ICI), degrading signal quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an RGB VLC transmission system capable of mitigating ICI.
    • To retrieve three independent color channels using a CMOS image sensor.
    • To enhance the performance of RGB VLC systems for mobile communication applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technique to address ICI.
    • Utilizing a CMOS image sensor with a rolling shutter pattern for signal retrieval.
    • Employing data pattern extinction-ratio (ER) enhancement and thresholding for signal processing.

    Main Results:

    • Successful mitigation of Inter-Channel Interference (ICI) in RGB VLC transmission.
    • Accurate retrieval of three independent color channels.
    • Demonstration of enhanced data transmission capabilities using the proposed system.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed RGB VLC system effectively overcomes ICI challenges inherent in color filter-based demultiplexing.
    • The integration of MIMO techniques with CMOS image sensors offers a viable solution for high-capacity visible light communication.
    • This approach paves the way for improved optical wireless communication systems.